JOSEPH JOSKE BEN JUDAH JUDEL OF LUBLIN

JOSEPH JOSKE BEN JUDAH JUDEL OF LUBLIN (1659?–1706), talmudist and kabbalist. Joseph studied with his father, who was rabbi at Lemberg and later at Kowel. He was appointed rabbi, first of Minsk, and in 1698, of Dubnow where he lived until his death. Ẓevi Hirsch Koidonover\>\> , one of his pupils, mentions in his Kav ha-Yashar the kabbalistic lore he learned from him. Joseph is the author of several works dealing with ethics and moral conduct: (1) Yesod Yosef (Sklow, 1785); (2) Lu'aḥ Hanhagot (Wilhelmsdorf, 1719); (3) Ne'imah Kedoshah, including a Sabbath hymn (Zolkiew, 1720); and (4) Hanhagot Yesharot (Zhitomir, 1868). In his Yesod Yosef he describes realistically the conduct of the communal leaders and exhorts the community to behave morally. -BIBLIOGRAPHY: I.T. Eisenstadt, Da'at Kedoshim (1897–98), 78; H.N. Maggid-Steinschneider, Ir Vilna, 1 (1900), 141, n. 2, 190, n. 3; Horodezky, in: YIVO Historishe Shriftn, 2 (1937), 1–8; B. Dinur, Be-Mifneh ha-Dorot (1955), 99–101, 121ff.; Zinberg, Sifrut, 3 (1957), 250–1. (Yehoshua Horowitz) JOSEPH MAMAN AL-MAGHRIBI JOSEPH MAMAN AL-MAGHRIBI (1741–1822), rabbi and emissary of safed . Born in Tetuán , morocco , Joseph Maman later settled in Safed with his family. Ḥayyim Joseph David Azulai , the great Safed scholar, suggested he be sent on a special mission to the Jewish communities in syria , iraq , turkey , and persia to collect funds for the victims of the great famine in Safed. He traveled to Constantinople, Kermanshah, hamadan , teheran , and meshed , where he met Siman Tov Melamed, who persuaded him to visit the Jews in bukhara then living in isolation and ignorance. On his mission, Joseph Maman was accompanied by Mulla Daniel of Meshed, who served him as interpreter. He arrived in Bukhara in 1793 and stayed there for 30 years, completely revitalizing the communities in Bukhara and the vicinity. He established Jewish schools in Bukhara, introduced the Sephardi rite in place of the Persian, and obtained books from baghdad , Constantinople, and particularly from Russia. Joseph Maman can be regarded as the spiritual father of the Ḥibbat Zion movement in Central Asia which, under the impact of his personality and teachings, brought thousands of Bukharian Jews to the Holy Land. -BIBLIOGRAPHY: S. Ḥakham, Zekher Ẓaddik (1894), 42a–47b; Yaari, Sheluḥei, 664–5; W.J. Fischel, in: L. Jung (ed.), Jewish Leaders (1953), 535–47; M. Eshel, Galleryah: Demuyyot shel Rashei Yehudei Bukharah (1968), 17–29. (Walter Joseph Fischel)